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As a result, these functional limitations may influence the independence, safety and quality of life of the individuals and increase the burden of their careers and the health and social care systems ( Gauthier et al., 2006 Reppermund et al., 2013).įor these reasons, occupational therapists play an important role in sub-acute and GEM settings, as they are one of the health professionals that are responsible for identifying signs of early dementia and/or cognitive impairment and providing relevant feedback to the multi-disciplinary team, so as to facilitate appropriate, informed and safe discharge planning for the patients ( Douglas et al., 2007). In severe cases, individuals with cognitive impairment may even have difficulties in basic activities of daily living, such as eating, toileting, showering and dressing. Other reported difficulties include driving and using public transportation, managing finances responsibly and planning and sequencing activities ( Aretouli and Brandt, 2010). Likewise, Aretouli and Brandt’s (2010) study which compared the functional abilities between 124 elders with cognitive impairment and 68 cognitively normal elders found out that more than one third of the participants with cognitive impairment had difficulties in keeping appointments, finding their belongings, remembering current events and following television programs. The study revealed that individuals with cognitive impairment demonstrated accuracy comparable with cognitively normal individuals but required much more time to complete the IADLs, as these activities depend heavily on memory and complex reasoning. (2008) conducted a comparison group study of older adults with and without mild cognitive impairment on the speed and accuracy in performing some common instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs) which included telephone use, locating nutrition information on food labels, financial abilities, grocery shopping and medication management. Several studies also discovered that individuals with cognitive impairment have more difficulties when participating in everyday activities than those individuals without cognitive impairment. The Occupational Therapy Practice Framework, third edition (OTPF-III American Occupational Therapy Association, 2014), and the Canadian Model of Occupational Performance and Engagement (CMOP-E Townsend and Polatajko, 2013) are examples that highlighted that cognitive abilities can have powerful effects on one’s daily occupational performance and participation, in addition to physical skills, environments, occupations or daily activities and other relevant factors. This close relationship between one’s cognition and performance and participation in daily activities is also exhibited in a number of practice models and frameworks of occupational therapy, which provide a systematic and comprehensive way to conceptualize and guide occupational therapy practice. It is directly related to one’s ability to engage in activities of daily life and participate in purposeful, proactive interactions and complex decision making ( Radomski and Morrison, 2014). Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate if the performance of older adults admitted to an inpatient GEM hospital unit on the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) were associated or predictive of their functional performance (as measured by the Functional Independence Measure ).Ĭognition refers to the integrated mental processes comprising the acquisition and use of knowledge, which brings about thoughts and goal directed actions. Often the cognitive skills and functional performance of older adults admitted to GEM settings are assessed. Dementia and other forms of cognitive impairment are also common comorbidities for patients admitted to sub-acute facilities ( Bloomer and Digby, 2012). heart failure and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease). pneumonia and fractures of the femur, lumbar spine and pelvis) and chronic conditions (e.g. Patients admitted to GEM wards commonly present with acute conditions (e.g. Geriatric evaluation and management (GEM) is a type of sub-acute care that focuses mainly on patients’ functional abilities and goals and caters for patients who have prolonged or multiple conditions associated with ageing, cognitive impairment, functional decline, chronic illness or disability.

#Moca score interpretation ranges full#

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#Moca score interpretation ranges full#

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